caveat lector: I am an engineering Ph.D. with a Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (complete with a Dictionary of the Greek New Testament) and Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon and I’m not afraid to use them! So, therefore, I would appreciate input on meaning and nuance from anyone who has actually studied ancient Greek.
I want to bring in a later definition of faith from Hebrews 11:1 which reads, “Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen.” This definition seems at odds with Jesus’ definition because it emphasizes the future and the unseen whereas the people Jesus credits with faith have faith in something happening right now because of what they’ve seen Jesus do in the past. On the one hand, this seems perfectly reasonable because we have not witnessed Jesus perform a miracle and so our faith must be based on things unseen. But on the other hand, in the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus defines faith relative to things in nature—the birds and the flowers—which we do have the ability to witness even today.
The first half of the definition in Hebrews 11:1 is rather pedestrian and obvious. Faith—πίστις (pistis)—has the meaning of persuasion or conviction and derives from πείθω (pĕithō) which means to convince by argument. The Greek word, ἐλπιζω (ĕlpizō) translated as hoped also means expected. Indeed, in English, hope implies “reasonable confidence” that the desired outcome will occur. So we have faith as the assurance—ὑπόστᾰσις (hupŏstasis) also means the support, foundation, or ground of hope—of what we expect to happen. This is very nearly a tautology: we have been convinced of something and this conviction is the basis, the ground of our expectation, that that thing of which we are convinced will come to pass. If we are convinced of something, of course we expect it!
The second half of the definition is more interesting although just as unsatisfying. The Greek word for conviction—ἕλεγχος (ĕlĕgehŏs)—has the connotations of reproof, a cross-examining, testing for the purposes of disproof or refuting. The Greek word for seen—βλἐπω (blĕpō)—implies “simply voluntary observation.” So, our faith allows us to examine, to test, with the end goal of being able to disprove things that we have chosen to not observe. But if we are persuaded of something we do not need to observe it. I am convinced that electrons exist so it does not matter that I have never seen an electron. The real, unanswered question is, “in what does our faith, our persuasion, consist”? This definition in Hebrews does not answer that question. But, taking Jesus’ definition of faith, we are persuaded by seeing what God has done. There is no “leap of faith” involved. Our faith is based on past experience.
[ Parts I, II, III, IV, V ]
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